| Section Learning Goals In this section, you will learn:
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Excel Worksheets
Basic Formulas
In this free Excel XP tutorial, get the Excel XP help you need to create and edit data, use formulas, and more. Download microsoft excel 2007 for XP for free. Office Tools downloads - Microsoft Office Excel by Microsoft and many more programs are available for instant and free download. In spite of this, individual Office XP products such as Excel, PowerPoint, and Word would continue to use Microsoft's year-based naming conventions and were named after the year 2002. Office XP Beta 2 was released to 10,000 technical testers in late 2000. Beta 2 introduced several improvements to setup tools. Collaborate for free with an online version of Microsoft Excel. Save spreadsheets in OneDrive. Share them with others and work together at the same time.
Excel XP is a spreadsheet application. The integration platform can read and write Excel version 2.x, 3.x, 4.x, 5.x, Excel 95, Excel 97, Excel 2000 and Excel XP files. With the Excel XP connector, the integration platform can read and write Excel XP data files.
A formula is an equation that calculates a value for a cell or a range of cells. You enter a formula into the formula bar preceded by an equal (=) sign. This tells Excel to calculate a value for what you've entered, rather than treating your entry as plain text. Formulas can be very simple-such as addition or subtraction-or very complex, performing multiple calculations and referencing additional formulas in numerous cells.
Formulas remain behind the scenes; that is, cells display the resulting values of the formulas you've entered, rather than the formulas themselves. Because formulas can refer to other cells in a worksheet, other worksheets, or even other workbooks, the value of a cell containing a formula will change as the contents of the referenced cells change.
For example, if you want to calculate the total number of widgets you sell in the year 2004, and for each month of the year you have a cell containing the total number of sales that month, you can enter a formula into a 'Total Annual Sales' cell to add together the sales for each month. By the end of June, you may have only sold 715 widgets:
But by the end of the year, as new figures are added for the remaining months, your total widget sales may climb to over 1,300:
As you can see, Excel automatically updates this total as figures are entered into the cells for monthly sales totals.
Note that in the example above the formula that calculates the value for the total annual sales actually refers to cells containing formulas of their own. Cell B6 adds together the contents of cells B2 through B4; cell C6 adds together the contents of cells C2 through C4; and so on. Cell C9, which calculates the total annual sales, adds together the values of cells B6 through M6. Thus, Excel can calculate values that are then used to calculate new values for other cells.
Constructing a Basic Formula
To enter a formula into a cell:
- Select the cell.
- In the formula bar, enter an equal (=) sign, and then type the formula.
- Press Enter.
Similarly, you can view a formula contained in a cell by clicking the cell. When the cell is selected, the formula is displayed in the formula bar.
To edit the formula, you simply change it in the formula bar and press Enter.
The simplest formulas can use familiar operators, such as:
- The plus sign (+) for addition
- The minus sign (-) for subtraction
- The asterisk (*) for multiplication
- The backslash (/) for division
Excel calculates formulas using standard mathematical rules; specifically, values are calculated from left to right, with any operations contained in parenthesis performed first.
For example, if you want to calculate the average sales among all three widgets for the month of January, you might enter the following formula into a new cell below the monthly total:
=(B2+B3+B4)/3
In this formula, 'B2' refers to the value contained in cell B2; 'B3' refers to the value contained in cell B3; and 'B4' refers to the value contained in cell B4. If you later change the value of one of those cells-for example, you find 46 units of Widget 1 were sold, and not 45-Excel will update the total.
The number '3' in the formula is a constant-a value that doesn't change, unlike the cell references, whose values can change if you edit the data in the cells.
When you press Enter, Excel calculates the value and displays it in the cell.
In the example above, it isn't necessary to include the parentheses in the formula, since Excel calculates the values from left to right. However, using parentheses to indicate a combined value (in this case, the total of three cells) is often helpful, particularly in more complex formulas.
The formula can be further simplified by replacing the three referenced cells with a single reference to the cell containing the formula that calculates January's total sales, cell B6:
=B6/3
Excel Functions
Excel provides many built-in formulas, called functions, which make it much simpler to perform calculations. In the last section, the following formula was used:
=(B2+B3+B4)/3
'B2', 'B3', and 'B4' represented the number of widgets sold in the month of January. 'B2' represented Widget 1 sales, 'B3' Widget 2 sales, and 'B4' Widget 3 sales, as shown in the sample spreadsheet below:
To calculate the total number of sales for the month of January, you could enter the formula =B2+B3+B4 into cell B6 (next to Total). However, it's easier to use the SUM function, particularly when you're adding together a large number of cells in a range:
=SUM(B2:B4)
Functions begin with the name of the function (for example, 'SUM') followed by parentheses enclosing the specific values being calculated (called arguments). These values can be constants, cells references, or even text you want to combine. To refer to a range of cells, type the first cell in the range, then a colon (:), and then the last cell in the range (for example, 'B2:B4').
You enter a formula that uses a function the same way you'd enter any other formula: select the cell, type an equal sign (=) and then the formula, with its function, in the formula bar, and press Enter.
Excel calculates the value and displays it in the cell.
Functions simplify formulas by telling Excel to use a predefined method of calculating values. Microsoft Excel includes functions for calculating averages, statistics, dates, and much more. In many cases, you need only supply simple data, such as the range of cells to be used in the calculation.
Using the Formula Palette
Excel's Formula Palette can help you construct formulas that contain functions by displaying a list of the built-in functions and the arguments used for each. To access the Formula Palette:
- Select the cell in which you want to enter the formula.
- Click the Edit Formula button in the formula bar.
- The Formula Palette opens.
- From the Functions drop-down menu, select a function that describes the type of calculation you want to perform.
Tip:
Select More Functions to see additional functions.
Falsa identidad sarah waters pdf. When you select a function, the Formula Palette displays fields in which you can enter the arguments (the values to be calculated), as well as a description of the function and the current result of the calculation.
In the example above, the AVERAGE function has been selected. The AVERAGE function adds together the values (called arguments) you supply and then divides this total by the number of values that were added, which Excel calculates for you. In this function, you only need supply the values whose average you want to calculate.
- Enter the values you want calculated into the Number 1 field.
Excel Xp Help
By default, Excel has assumed you want to use the values of the range of cells above the cell containing the formula (B2:B6). This range can be deleted and another one can be entered, and the formula displayed in the formula bar will change accordingly. Alternatively, you can enter constants separated by commas, such as '3,5,7,9', in which case Excel will calculate the average of the numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Below, 'B6' has been changed to 'B4' so Excel will calculate the average of the values in cells B2 through B4.
Tip:
If you like, you can hide the Formula Palette and use your mouse to select the range of cells whose values you want Excel to use in the formula:
- Click the button to the right of the Number 1 field .
The Formula Palette disappears, leaving only the field.
- If necessary, delete the existing contents of the field. Then select the range of cells you want to use in the formula.
As you select the cells, Excel enters the range into the field, updating it as you move your mouse.
- Click the button to the right of the field to display the Formula Palette again.
- When you've finished entering the values for your function, click OK to close the Formula P
alette.
Excel calculates the value and displays it in the cell.
Absolute and Relative Cell References
By default, Excel uses relative cell references. Relative cell references are those whose locations Excel calculates based on the location of the formula. This means that when you insert a new row or column into a range included in a formula, Excel automatically includes the new data in its calculations, and edits the formula accordingly. Similarly, when you copy a formula from one cell to another, Excel adjusts the cell references.
For example, you can copy the formula in cell B6 below (which adds together the values in the range B2:B4) to cell C6, and Excel will adjust the formula to add together the values in the range C2:C4.
This is because the cell range used in the original formula is relative-it tells Excel to use the values in the cells 4, 3, and 2 rows above the formula. The copy of the formula, in cell C6, also looks for values 4, 3, and 2 rows above-in the range C2:C4.
As another example, suppose the International Widget Company decided to include the sales of widget accessories in the January monthly total. A new row is inserted below row 4 (which contains the monthly values for Widget 3). This moves the row containing the formula down one row, to B7.
In the new row, total sales are entered for the widget accessories. As soon as a value is entered into cell B5, Excel changes the formula in cell B7 (formerly B6) from =SUM(B2:B4) to =SUM(B2:B5), and updates the resulting value:
In contrast, absolute cell references are references that refer to a specific location. These are indicated by a dollar sign ($) preceding the part of the reference that should be absolute-that is, before the row reference, before the column reference, or before each, to make the entire cell reference absolute:
·$B4 indicates that column B is absolute, but row 4 is relative.
·B$4 indicates that column B is relative, but row 4 is absolute.
·$B$4 indicates that the entire reference-to cell B4-is absolute.
When you use an absolute reference, Excel will not adjust formulas when they're copied to new locations.
Note:
If you include in your formula a range that uses absolute cell references (for example, =SUM($B$2:$B$4)) and then insert a row or column that produces a new cell located within that range (for example, you insert a new row before row 4), Excel will adjust the range in the formula, just as it would if you'd used relative references. This is because Excel assumes that you still want your calculation to include the first and last cells you initially specified. However, if you insert a new below row 4 (as we did when we added Widget Accessories), Excel will not adjust the range in the formula, and cell B5 (newly inserted) will not be included in the calculation.
Absolute references should be used when you want to use the same calculated value in different locations in a workbook (for example, if you want to include total annual sales, calculated on the first sheet of a workbook, in subsequent worksheets).
Tip:
To quickly change a cell reference from relative to absolute (or vice versa), select the cell and press F4 on your keyboard. This toggles the references through the various combinations of absolute and relative columns and rows.
Related Tutorials
Lesson 1: Identifying Basic Parts of the Excel Window
Introduction
Microsoft Excel XP is a spreadsheet application in the Microsoft Office suite. A spreadsheet is an accounting program for the computer. Spreadsheets are primarily used to work with numbers and text. Spreadsheets can help organize information, such as alphabetizing a list of names or ordering records, and calculate and analyze information using mathematical formulas.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Identify the parts of the Excel window
- Understand the differences between a workbook and a worksheet
- Understand a cell and its importance to Excel
- Move around a workbook
The Excel window
Many items you see on the Excel XP screen are standard in most other Microsoft software programs like Word, PowerPoint, and previous versions of Excel, while some elements are specific to Excel XP.
Workbook
Also called a spreadsheet, the workbook is a unique file created by Excel XP.
Title bar
The title bar displays both the name of the application and the name of the spreadsheet.
Menu bar
The menu bar displays all of the menus available for use in Excel XP. The contents of any menu can be displayed by left-clicking the menu name.
Basic Formulas
In this free Excel XP tutorial, get the Excel XP help you need to create and edit data, use formulas, and more. Download microsoft excel 2007 for XP for free. Office Tools downloads - Microsoft Office Excel by Microsoft and many more programs are available for instant and free download. In spite of this, individual Office XP products such as Excel, PowerPoint, and Word would continue to use Microsoft's year-based naming conventions and were named after the year 2002. Office XP Beta 2 was released to 10,000 technical testers in late 2000. Beta 2 introduced several improvements to setup tools. Collaborate for free with an online version of Microsoft Excel. Save spreadsheets in OneDrive. Share them with others and work together at the same time.
Excel XP is a spreadsheet application. The integration platform can read and write Excel version 2.x, 3.x, 4.x, 5.x, Excel 95, Excel 97, Excel 2000 and Excel XP files. With the Excel XP connector, the integration platform can read and write Excel XP data files.
A formula is an equation that calculates a value for a cell or a range of cells. You enter a formula into the formula bar preceded by an equal (=) sign. This tells Excel to calculate a value for what you've entered, rather than treating your entry as plain text. Formulas can be very simple-such as addition or subtraction-or very complex, performing multiple calculations and referencing additional formulas in numerous cells.
Formulas remain behind the scenes; that is, cells display the resulting values of the formulas you've entered, rather than the formulas themselves. Because formulas can refer to other cells in a worksheet, other worksheets, or even other workbooks, the value of a cell containing a formula will change as the contents of the referenced cells change.
For example, if you want to calculate the total number of widgets you sell in the year 2004, and for each month of the year you have a cell containing the total number of sales that month, you can enter a formula into a 'Total Annual Sales' cell to add together the sales for each month. By the end of June, you may have only sold 715 widgets:
But by the end of the year, as new figures are added for the remaining months, your total widget sales may climb to over 1,300:
As you can see, Excel automatically updates this total as figures are entered into the cells for monthly sales totals.
Note that in the example above the formula that calculates the value for the total annual sales actually refers to cells containing formulas of their own. Cell B6 adds together the contents of cells B2 through B4; cell C6 adds together the contents of cells C2 through C4; and so on. Cell C9, which calculates the total annual sales, adds together the values of cells B6 through M6. Thus, Excel can calculate values that are then used to calculate new values for other cells.
Constructing a Basic Formula
To enter a formula into a cell:
- Select the cell.
- In the formula bar, enter an equal (=) sign, and then type the formula.
- Press Enter.
Similarly, you can view a formula contained in a cell by clicking the cell. When the cell is selected, the formula is displayed in the formula bar.
To edit the formula, you simply change it in the formula bar and press Enter.
The simplest formulas can use familiar operators, such as:
- The plus sign (+) for addition
- The minus sign (-) for subtraction
- The asterisk (*) for multiplication
- The backslash (/) for division
Excel calculates formulas using standard mathematical rules; specifically, values are calculated from left to right, with any operations contained in parenthesis performed first.
For example, if you want to calculate the average sales among all three widgets for the month of January, you might enter the following formula into a new cell below the monthly total:
=(B2+B3+B4)/3
In this formula, 'B2' refers to the value contained in cell B2; 'B3' refers to the value contained in cell B3; and 'B4' refers to the value contained in cell B4. If you later change the value of one of those cells-for example, you find 46 units of Widget 1 were sold, and not 45-Excel will update the total.
The number '3' in the formula is a constant-a value that doesn't change, unlike the cell references, whose values can change if you edit the data in the cells.
When you press Enter, Excel calculates the value and displays it in the cell.
In the example above, it isn't necessary to include the parentheses in the formula, since Excel calculates the values from left to right. However, using parentheses to indicate a combined value (in this case, the total of three cells) is often helpful, particularly in more complex formulas.
The formula can be further simplified by replacing the three referenced cells with a single reference to the cell containing the formula that calculates January's total sales, cell B6:
=B6/3
Excel Functions
Excel provides many built-in formulas, called functions, which make it much simpler to perform calculations. In the last section, the following formula was used:
=(B2+B3+B4)/3
'B2', 'B3', and 'B4' represented the number of widgets sold in the month of January. 'B2' represented Widget 1 sales, 'B3' Widget 2 sales, and 'B4' Widget 3 sales, as shown in the sample spreadsheet below:
To calculate the total number of sales for the month of January, you could enter the formula =B2+B3+B4 into cell B6 (next to Total). However, it's easier to use the SUM function, particularly when you're adding together a large number of cells in a range:
=SUM(B2:B4)
Functions begin with the name of the function (for example, 'SUM') followed by parentheses enclosing the specific values being calculated (called arguments). These values can be constants, cells references, or even text you want to combine. To refer to a range of cells, type the first cell in the range, then a colon (:), and then the last cell in the range (for example, 'B2:B4').
You enter a formula that uses a function the same way you'd enter any other formula: select the cell, type an equal sign (=) and then the formula, with its function, in the formula bar, and press Enter.
Excel calculates the value and displays it in the cell.
Functions simplify formulas by telling Excel to use a predefined method of calculating values. Microsoft Excel includes functions for calculating averages, statistics, dates, and much more. In many cases, you need only supply simple data, such as the range of cells to be used in the calculation.
Using the Formula Palette
Excel's Formula Palette can help you construct formulas that contain functions by displaying a list of the built-in functions and the arguments used for each. To access the Formula Palette:
- Select the cell in which you want to enter the formula.
- Click the Edit Formula button in the formula bar.
- The Formula Palette opens.
- From the Functions drop-down menu, select a function that describes the type of calculation you want to perform.
Tip:
Select More Functions to see additional functions.
Falsa identidad sarah waters pdf. When you select a function, the Formula Palette displays fields in which you can enter the arguments (the values to be calculated), as well as a description of the function and the current result of the calculation.
In the example above, the AVERAGE function has been selected. The AVERAGE function adds together the values (called arguments) you supply and then divides this total by the number of values that were added, which Excel calculates for you. In this function, you only need supply the values whose average you want to calculate.
- Enter the values you want calculated into the Number 1 field.
Excel Xp Help
By default, Excel has assumed you want to use the values of the range of cells above the cell containing the formula (B2:B6). This range can be deleted and another one can be entered, and the formula displayed in the formula bar will change accordingly. Alternatively, you can enter constants separated by commas, such as '3,5,7,9', in which case Excel will calculate the average of the numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Below, 'B6' has been changed to 'B4' so Excel will calculate the average of the values in cells B2 through B4.
Tip:
If you like, you can hide the Formula Palette and use your mouse to select the range of cells whose values you want Excel to use in the formula:
- Click the button to the right of the Number 1 field .
The Formula Palette disappears, leaving only the field.
- If necessary, delete the existing contents of the field. Then select the range of cells you want to use in the formula.
As you select the cells, Excel enters the range into the field, updating it as you move your mouse.
- Click the button to the right of the field to display the Formula Palette again.
- When you've finished entering the values for your function, click OK to close the Formula P
alette.
Excel calculates the value and displays it in the cell.
Absolute and Relative Cell References
By default, Excel uses relative cell references. Relative cell references are those whose locations Excel calculates based on the location of the formula. This means that when you insert a new row or column into a range included in a formula, Excel automatically includes the new data in its calculations, and edits the formula accordingly. Similarly, when you copy a formula from one cell to another, Excel adjusts the cell references.
For example, you can copy the formula in cell B6 below (which adds together the values in the range B2:B4) to cell C6, and Excel will adjust the formula to add together the values in the range C2:C4.
This is because the cell range used in the original formula is relative-it tells Excel to use the values in the cells 4, 3, and 2 rows above the formula. The copy of the formula, in cell C6, also looks for values 4, 3, and 2 rows above-in the range C2:C4.
As another example, suppose the International Widget Company decided to include the sales of widget accessories in the January monthly total. A new row is inserted below row 4 (which contains the monthly values for Widget 3). This moves the row containing the formula down one row, to B7.
In the new row, total sales are entered for the widget accessories. As soon as a value is entered into cell B5, Excel changes the formula in cell B7 (formerly B6) from =SUM(B2:B4) to =SUM(B2:B5), and updates the resulting value:
In contrast, absolute cell references are references that refer to a specific location. These are indicated by a dollar sign ($) preceding the part of the reference that should be absolute-that is, before the row reference, before the column reference, or before each, to make the entire cell reference absolute:
·$B4 indicates that column B is absolute, but row 4 is relative.
·B$4 indicates that column B is relative, but row 4 is absolute.
·$B$4 indicates that the entire reference-to cell B4-is absolute.
When you use an absolute reference, Excel will not adjust formulas when they're copied to new locations.
Note:
If you include in your formula a range that uses absolute cell references (for example, =SUM($B$2:$B$4)) and then insert a row or column that produces a new cell located within that range (for example, you insert a new row before row 4), Excel will adjust the range in the formula, just as it would if you'd used relative references. This is because Excel assumes that you still want your calculation to include the first and last cells you initially specified. However, if you insert a new below row 4 (as we did when we added Widget Accessories), Excel will not adjust the range in the formula, and cell B5 (newly inserted) will not be included in the calculation.
Absolute references should be used when you want to use the same calculated value in different locations in a workbook (for example, if you want to include total annual sales, calculated on the first sheet of a workbook, in subsequent worksheets).
Tip:
To quickly change a cell reference from relative to absolute (or vice versa), select the cell and press F4 on your keyboard. This toggles the references through the various combinations of absolute and relative columns and rows.
Related Tutorials
Lesson 1: Identifying Basic Parts of the Excel Window
Introduction
Microsoft Excel XP is a spreadsheet application in the Microsoft Office suite. A spreadsheet is an accounting program for the computer. Spreadsheets are primarily used to work with numbers and text. Spreadsheets can help organize information, such as alphabetizing a list of names or ordering records, and calculate and analyze information using mathematical formulas.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Identify the parts of the Excel window
- Understand the differences between a workbook and a worksheet
- Understand a cell and its importance to Excel
- Move around a workbook
The Excel window
Many items you see on the Excel XP screen are standard in most other Microsoft software programs like Word, PowerPoint, and previous versions of Excel, while some elements are specific to Excel XP.
Workbook
Also called a spreadsheet, the workbook is a unique file created by Excel XP.
Title bar
The title bar displays both the name of the application and the name of the spreadsheet.
Menu bar
The menu bar displays all of the menus available for use in Excel XP. The contents of any menu can be displayed by left-clicking the menu name.
Toolbar
Some commands in the menus have pictures or icons associated with them. These pictures may also appear as shortcuts in the toolbar.
Column headings
Each Excel spreadsheet contains 256 columns. Each column is named by a letter or combination of letters.
Row headings
Each spreadsheet contains 65,536 rows. Each row is named by a number.
Name box
This shows the address of the current selection or active cell.
Formula bar
The formula bar isplays information entered—or being entered as you type—in the current or active cell. The contents of a cell can also be edited in the formula bar.
Cell
A cell is an intersection of a column and row. Each cell has a unique cell address. In the picture above, the cell address of the selected cell is B3. The heavy border around the selected cell is called the cell pointer.
Navigation buttons and sheet tabs
Navigation buttons allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel workbook. They are used to display the first, previous, next, and last worksheets in the workbook.
Sheet tabs separate a workbook into specific worksheets. A workbook defaults to three worksheets. A workbook must contain at least one worksheet.
Workbooks and worksheets
A workbook automatically shows in the workspace when you open Microsoft Excel XP. Each workbook contains three worksheets. A worksheet is a grid of cells consisting of 65,536 rows by 256 columns. Spreadsheet information—text, numbers, or mathematical formulas—is entered into different cells.
Column headings are referenced by alphabetic characters in the gray boxes that run across the Excel screen, beginning with column A and ending with column IV.
Rows are referenced by numbers that appear on the left and then run down the Excel screen. The first row is named row 1, while the last row is named 65536.
Important terms
- A workbook is made up of three worksheets.
- The worksheets are labeled Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3.
- Each Excel worksheet is made up of columns and rows.
- In order to access a worksheet, click the tab that says Sheet#.
The cell
An Excel worksheet is made up of columns and rows. Where these columns and rows intersect, they form little boxes called cells. The active cell—or the cell that can be acted upon—reveals a dark border. All other cells reveal a light gray border. Each cell has a name. Its name is comprised of two parts: the column letter and the row number.
In the following picture, the cell C3—formed by the intersection of column C and row 3—contains the dark border. It is the active cell.
Important terms
- Each cell has a unique cell address composed of a cell's column and row.
- The active cell is the cell that receives the data or command you give it.
- A darkened border, called the cell pointer, identifies it.
Moving around the worksheet
You can move around the spreadsheet in several ways.
To move the cell pointer:
- To activate any cell, point to a cell with the mouse and click.
- To move the pointer one cell to the left, right, up, or down, use the keyboard arrow keys.
To scroll through the worksheet:
The vertical scroll bar located along the right edge of the screen is used to move up or down the spreadsheet. The horizontal scroll bar located at the bottom of the screen is used to move left or right across the spreadsheet.
The PageUp and PageDown keys on the keyboard are used to move the cursor up or down one screen at a time. Other keys that move the active cell are Home, which moves to the first column on the current row, and Ctrl+Home, which moves the cursor to the top-left corner of the spreadsheet, or cell A1.
To move between worksheets:
As mentioned, each workbook defaults to three worksheets. These worksheets are represented by tabs—named Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3—that appear at the bottom of the Excel window.
To move from one worksheet to another:
- Click the sheet tab—Sheet1, Sheet2 or Sheet 3—you want to display.
Challenge!
- Display the contents of every menu in the menu bar, and note the icons associated with specific menu choices. Try to find the pictures or shortcuts on the Standard toolbar.
- Click each of the three worksheet tabs—Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3—to become familiar moving from sheet to sheet in the workbook.
- Use the Page Up (PgUp) and Page Down (PgDn) keys to get used to scrolling in a worksheet.
- Use the horizontal and vertical scrollbars to practice scrolling up, down, left, and right in the worksheet.
Excel Xp Vs Excel 365
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